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-
-
-
- CONSTITUTION
- OF THE
- STATE OF WISCONSIN
- (as amended to 1975)
-
- PREAMBLE
-
- We, the people of Wisconsin, grateful to Almighty God for
- our freedom, in order to secure its blessings, form a more
- perfect government, insure domestic tranquility and promote
- the general welfare, do establish this Constitution.
-
- ARTICLE I
-
- DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
-
- Sec. 1. All men are born equally free and independent, and have cer-
- tain inherent rights; among these are life, liberty, and the
- pursuit of happiness; to secure these rights, governments
- are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from
- the consent of the governed.
-
- Sec. 2. There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude in
- this state, otherwise than for the punishment of crime,
- whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
-
- Sec. 3. Every person may freely speak, write and publish his senti-
- ments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of
- that right, and no laws shall be passed to restrain or
- abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all crim-
- inal prosecutions or indictments for libel, the truth may be
- given in evidence, and if it shall appear to the jury that
- the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published
- with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall
- be acquitted; and the jury shall have the right to determine
- the law and the fact.
-
- Sec. 4. The right of the people peaceably to assemble, to consult
- for the common good, and to petition the government, or any
- department thereof, shall never be abridged.
-
- Sec. 5. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and shall
- extend to all cases at law without regard to the amount in
- controversy; but a jury trial may be waived by the parties
- in all cases in the manner prescribed by law. Provided, how-
- ever, that the Legislature may, from time to time, by statue
- provide that a valid verdict, in civil cases, may be based
- on the votes of a specified number of the jury, not less
- than five-sixths thereof.[as amended Nov. 1922]
-
- Sec. 6. Excessive bail shall not be required nor shall excessive
- fines be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
- inflicted.
-
- Sec. 7. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the
- right to be heard by himself and counsel; to demand the
- nature and cause of the accusation against him; to meet the
- witnesses face to face; to have compulsory process to
- compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf; and in
- prosecution by indictment, or information, to a speedy
- public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district
- wherein the offense shall have been committed; which county
- or district shall have been previously ascertained by law.
-
- Sec. 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense
- without due process of law, and no person for the same
- offense shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment, nor
- shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness
- against himself. All persons shall, before conviction, be
- bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses
- when the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the
- privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus-
- pended unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the
- public safety may require it. [As amended Nov. 1870]
-
- Sec. 9. Every person is entitled to a certain remedy in the laws for
- all injuries, or wrongs which he may receive in his person,
- property, or character; he ought to obtain justice freely,
- and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and
- without denial, promptly and without delay, conformably to
- the laws.
-
- Sec. 10. Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war
- against the same, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them
- aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason
- unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt
- act, or on confession in open court.
-
- Sec. 11 The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
- houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and
- seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue
- but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
- and particularly describing the place to be searched, and
- the persons or things to be seized.
-
- Sec. 12. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, nor any law impair-
- ing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be passed, and
- no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture
- of estate.
-
- Sec. 13. The property of no person shall be taken for public use
- without just compensation therefor.
-
- Sec. 14. All lands within the state are declared to be allodial, and
- feudal tenures are prohibited. Leases and grants of agricul-
- tural land for a longer term than fifteen years in which
- rent or service of any kind shall be reserved, and all fines
- and like restraints upon alienation reserved in any grant of
- land, hereafter made, are declared to be void.
-
- Sec. 15. No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident
- aliens and citizens, in reference to the possession, enjoy-
- ment or descent of property.
-
- Sec. 16. No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of or
- founded on contract, expressed or implied.
-
- Sec. 17. The privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary comforts
- of life shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting a
- reasonable amount of property from seizure or sale for the
- payment of any debt or liability hereafter contracted.
-
- Sec. 18. The right of every man to worship Almighty God according to
- the dictates of his own conscience shall never be infringed;
- nor shall any man be compelled to attend, erect or support
- any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry, against
- his consent; nor shall any control of, or interference with,
- the rights of conscience be permitted, or any preference be
- given by law to any religious establishments or modes of
- worship; nor shall any money be drawn from the treasury for
- the benefit of religious societies, or religious or
- theological seminaries.
-
- Sec. 19. No religious tests shall ever be required as a qualification
- for any office of public trust under the state, and no per-
- son shall be rendered incompetent to give evidence in any
- court of law or equity in consequence of his opinions on the
- subject of religion.
-
- Sec. 20. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil
- power.
-
- Sec. 21. Writs of error shall never be prohibited by law.
-
- Sec. 22. The blessings of free government can only be maintained by a
- firm adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, frugality
- and virtue, and by frequent recurrence to fundamental prin-
- ciples.
-
- Sec. 23. Nothing in this constitution shall prohibit the legislature
- from providing for the safety and welfare of children by
- providing for the transportation of children to and from any
- parochial or private school or institution of learning.[As
- created April 1967]
-
- Sec. 24. Nothing in this constitution shall prohibit the legislature
- from authorizing, by law, the use of public school buildings
- by civic, religious or charitable organizations during
- non-school hours upon payment by the organization to the
- school district of reasonable compensation for such use.
-
-
-